The prefix co- means jointly, associated in action, partnered to a lesser degree, etc. In organic chemistry, covalent bonds are much more common than ionic bonds.Ĭovalent bonding also includes many kinds of interactions, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, metal-to-metal bonding, agostic interactions, bent bonds, three-center two-electron bonds and three-center four-electron bonds. For many molecules, the sharing of electrons allows each atom to attain the equivalent of a full valence shell, corresponding to a stable electronic configuration. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding. A covalent bond forming H 2 (right) where two hydrogen atoms share the two electronsĪ covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
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